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Field Guide

Species-level reference guides for Florida's wildlife — ID, range, behavior, and how to find them.

A northern mockingbird perched, showing its grey body and white wing patches
Field Guide

Northern Mockingbird Field Guide — Mimus polyglottos, Florida's State Bird

Complete field guide to the Northern Mockingbird — Florida's state bird and the continent's most accomplished vocal mimic. Identification, range, the all-night singing habit, aggressive nest defense, and where to find one (everywhere).

Common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) photographed near Naples, Florida along the Gulf Coast
Field Guide

Common Bottlenose Dolphin Field Guide — Tursiops truncatus in Florida

Florida's most visible cetacean — how to identify, find, and understand the common bottlenose dolphin, from inshore resident pods to offshore ecotype, plus unique local foraging strategies.

Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) standing in shallow water at dawn, showing all-white plumage and characteristic foraging posture, Tiger Tail Beach, Marco Island, Florida
Field Guide

Snowy Egret Field Guide — Egretta thula in Florida

All-white wading bird with golden-yellow feet, once hunted to near-extinction for its breeding plumes — now one of Florida's most common and charismatic wetland birds.

Anhinga (Anhinga anhinga) perched near water in Tortuguero, Costa Rica
Field Guide

Anhinga Field Guide — The Snakebird of Florida Wetlands

Field guide to the anhinga in Florida — how to identify the iconic snakebird, where to find it, and why this featherless-winged darter is one of the strangest and most compelling birds in the Florida wetlands.

American White Ibis (Eudocimus albus) standing on the west coast of Florida near Sanibel, showing characteristic white plumage and long curved orange-pink bill
Field Guide

White Ibis Field Guide — Florida's Most Abundant Wading Bird

Field guide to the American White Ibis in Florida — identification, colonial nesting behavior, feeding ecology, and where to watch the state's most numerous wading bird probe the shallows with its striking curved bill.

Common snook Centropomus undecimalis showing characteristic lateral black stripe and prominent lower jaw
Field Guide

Common Snook Field Guide — Centropomus undecimalis in Florida

Field guide to the common snook in Florida — identification, biology, range, seasonal behavior, best fishing and viewing locations, and conservation status of Florida's most iconic inshore sportfish.

Florida softshell turtle (Apalone ferox) adult resting, showing its distinctive leathery shell and long neck, photographed at Everglades National Park, Florida
Field Guide

Florida Softshell Turtle Field Guide — Apalone ferox in Florida Waters

Florida's largest freshwater turtle wears a leathery pancake shell instead of scutes, breathes through a snorkel nose, and strikes fish with a neck nearly as long as its body.

Goliath grouper (Epinephelus itajara) — a massive adult fish hovering near a scuba diver in clear blue water at Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, illustrating the species' enormous size
Field Guide

Goliath Grouper Field Guide — Epinephelus itajara in Florida

Florida's largest reef fish reaches 800 lbs and defends itself with a sonic boom. Complete field guide to the Goliath grouper — ID, range, mangrove juvenile habitat, offshore wreck aggregations, and IUCN Vulnerable status.

A zebra longwing butterfly with long black wings striped in pale yellow, perched on a flower
Field Guide

Zebra Longwing Field Guide — Heliconius charithonia

Complete field guide to the Zebra Longwing — Florida's official state butterfly. Identification, pollen-feeding biology, communal roosting, passionflower host plants, and where to find it across central and south Florida.

Queen conch (Aliger gigas) living specimen photographed underwater, showing the large spiral shell with flared pink lip and the animal's soft tissues visible
Field Guide

Queen Conch Field Guide — Aliger gigas in Florida's Keys

The state shell of Florida has been banned from harvest since 1975, yet wild Queen conch still graze the seagrass beds of the Keys — if you know where to look.

Black skimmer (Rynchops niger) standing in shallow coastal water at Fort Myers Beach, Florida, displaying its distinctive elongated lower mandible, black upperparts, and white underparts
Field Guide

Black Skimmer Field Guide — Rynchops niger in Florida

Field guide to the black skimmer in Florida — identification, the extraordinary lower-mandible fishing technique, colonial beach nesting, and the coastal development pressures threatening this unique night-feeding shorebird.

Florida stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) juvenile specimen photographed in Florida, showing the crab's characteristic heavy claws and dark-tipped fingers
Field Guide

Florida Stone Crab Field Guide — Menippe mercenaria

Field guide to the Florida stone crab — identification, unique claw-only harvest biology, range, habitat, season, and where to see this sustainable-fishery icon in southwest Florida.

Swallow-tailed kite (Elanoides forficatus) in flight showing bold black-and-white plumage and distinctive deeply forked tail, photographed at St. Marks NWR, Florida
Field Guide

Swallow-tailed Kite Field Guide — Elanoides forficatus in Florida

Complete field guide to the swallow-tailed kite in Florida — how to identify it, where to find it, and why SW Florida is the world's best place to watch this aerial acrobat before it heads to South America.

Magnificent Frigatebird males perched with brilliant red gular pouches fully inflated during courtship display, with a female visitor, Galápagos Islands
Field Guide

Magnificent Frigatebird Field Guide — Fregata magnificens in Florida

Seven-foot wingspan, forked tail, and a pirate's instinct — the Magnificent Frigatebird is the most aerially dominant seabird over the Florida Keys.

Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) photographed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Field Guide

Gulf Sturgeon Field Guide — Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi in Florida

Identification, range, behavior, and viewing guide for the Gulf sturgeon — a prehistoric anadromous fish that leaps clear of Florida's Suwannee River and spends winters in the Gulf of Mexico.

Florida gar (Lepisosteus platyrhincus) photographed in Everglades National Park, showing its elongated body and distinctive snout
Field Guide

Florida Gar Field Guide — Lepisosteus platyrhincus

Field guide to the Florida gar — identification, biology, range, ecology, and best spots to observe this ancient armored fish in Florida's lakes, rivers, and wetlands.

Adult Florida Scrub-Jay perched showing blue and grey plumage with white supercilium
Field Guide

Florida Scrub-Jay Field Guide — Aphelocoma coerulescens

Complete field guide to the Florida Scrub-Jay — the only bird species endemic to Florida. Identification, scrub habitat ecology, best viewing sites, and the conservation crisis facing this Vulnerable corvid.

A purple gallinule (Porphyrio martinicus) photographed at Smith Oaks Sanctuary in High Island, Texas, showing its vivid purple-blue plumage and yellow-tipped red bill
Field Guide

Purple Gallinule Field Guide — Porphyrio martinicus in Florida

Field guide to the purple gallinule in Florida — vivid identification, lily-pad feeding behavior, freshwater marsh habitats, and the best Central Florida sites to find this jewel-toned wading bird.

Fan-shaped saw palmetto fronds growing in Florida forest understory
Field Guide

Saw Palmetto Field Guide — Serenoa repens, Florida's Toughest Understory Palm

Field guide to Serenoa repens — the saw-toothed clumping palm that carpets Florida's pine flatwoods and scrub. Fire-adapted, possibly thousands of years old, a keystone for wildlife, and the contested source of the prostate supplement industry.

Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus on a sandy beach showing domed carapace and tail spike
Field Guide

Atlantic Horseshoe Crab Field Guide — Limulus polyphemus in Florida

Field guide to the Atlantic horseshoe crab in Florida — identification, ancient biology, spawning behavior, best viewing sites, and the pharmaceutical and conservation significance of this Vulnerable living fossil.

A nine-banded armadillo foraging on the ground, showing its bony armor plates
Field Guide

Nine-Banded Armadillo Field Guide — Dasypus novemcinctus

Field guide to the nine-banded armadillo — Florida's armored, nocturnal digger, the only armadillo in the United States, famous for identical quadruplets and a real but low-risk leprosy link.

Florida black bear (Ursus americanus floridanus) photographed by remote camera trap in sand pine scrub habitat of Ocala National Forest, Marion County, Florida
Field Guide

Florida Black Bear Field Guide — Ursus americanus floridanus

Field guide to the Florida black bear — endemic subspecies recovered from near-collapse to ~4,500 individuals, largest land mammal in Florida, centered on Ocala National Forest and Big Cypress.

Dense Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) forest with prop roots visible at the Caeté estuary in Bragança, Pará, Brazil
Field Guide

Red Mangrove Field Guide — Rhizophora mangle in Florida Coastal Ecosystems

Complete field guide to the red mangrove in Florida — how to identify Rhizophora mangle, where it grows, its ecological role as nursery habitat and storm buffer, and its protected status under state and federal law.

Mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) specimen photographed against a white background, showing the fish's elongated body and characteristic coloring
Field Guide

Mahi-Mahi Field Guide — Coryphaena hippurus in Florida Offshore Waters

Field guide to mahi-mahi off Florida — blazing color, explosive speed, and a fish that travels the open Atlantic inside floating sargassum. Everything you need to find, identify, and understand the dolphinfish.

Leatherback sea turtle close-up showing distinctive ridged leathery shell and large head
Field Guide

Leatherback Sea Turtle Field Guide — Dermochelys coriacea in Florida

Field guide to the leatherback sea turtle in Florida — the world's largest reptile, its biology, nesting beaches, deep-dive physiology, and conservation status as Florida hosts the only significant leatherback nesting in the continental US.

A Florida cottonmouth gaping to show the white interior of its mouth in a defensive display
Field Guide

Florida Cottonmouth Field Guide — Agkistrodon conanti

Field guide to the Florida cottonmouth (Agkistrodon conanti), the state's semi-aquatic water moccasin. Identification, how to tell it from harmless watersnakes, ecology, venom facts, and calm, accurate safety advice.

Brown Pelican standing in natural resting pose at Ken Thompson Park on Lido Key, Sarasota, Florida, showing distinctive brown plumage, large bill, and pouch
Field Guide

Brown Pelican Field Guide — Pelecanus occidentalis in Florida

Florida's iconic plunge-diver, recovered from DDT near-extinction to abundant on every coastline year-round. Identification, behavior, and where to find Pelecanus occidentalis statewide.

Florida panther in natural habitat at Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park, Collier County, Florida
Field Guide

Florida Panther Field Guide — Puma concolor coryi

Field guide to the Florida panther — one of the most endangered mammals in North America, with only 120–230 individuals in southwest Florida. Identification, biology, territory, and the conservation crisis of the last wild puma in the eastern US.

Cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto) — mature specimen showing characteristic costapalmate fronds and scarred trunk in Florida scrub habitat
Field Guide

Sabal Palm Field Guide — Sabal palmetto, Florida's State Tree

Field guide to Sabal palmetto — Florida's official state tree. Hurricane-resistant, salt-tolerant, present in every county, and the source of the edible 'cabbage' heart that gave it its nickname.

Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) perched at Everglades National Park, Florida, showing characteristic white underparts, dark brown upperparts, and dark eye stripe
Field Guide

Osprey Field Guide — Pandion haliaetus in Florida

Florida's most visible raptor — the osprey dives feet-first into any waterway, from the Everglades to the Panhandle, and nests in plain sight on channel markers statewide.

Gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) photographed in Palm Beach County, Florida, showing the characteristic domed shell and sturdy forelimbs adapted for digging
Field Guide

Gopher Tortoise Field Guide — Gopherus polyphemus in Florida

Florida's keystone burrower: how to find, identify, and understand the gopher tortoise — a state-threatened ancient that shelters 350+ species in its hand-dug tunnels.

Atlantic sailfish (Istiophorus albicans) held by two anglers after being caught in Florida Atlantic waters, showing the elongated bill and characteristic large dorsal sail fin
Field Guide

Atlantic Sailfish Field Guide — Istiophorus albicans in Florida

Field guide to the Atlantic sailfish off Florida — the fastest fish in the ocean, iconic cobalt-blue dorsal sail, and the world's premier winter billfish fishery off Palm Beach and the Treasure Coast.

Red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) adult specimen showing characteristic bronze flanks, caught off the Gulf Coast of Louisiana
Field Guide

Red Drum (Redfish) Field Guide — Sciaenops ocellatus in Florida

Complete field guide to red drum (redfish) in Florida — ID marks, range, behavior, best locations, and conservation status of Florida's most sought-after inshore sportfish.

Florida manatee grazing on algae-covered cable at Big Bend Power Station warm water outflow, Apollo Beach
Field Guide

Florida Manatee Field Guide — Trichechus manatus latirostris

Everything you need to identify, find, and understand the Florida manatee — biology, range, behavior, best viewing spots, and conservation status of this Vulnerable megaherbivore.

Wood stork (Mycteria americana) standing in Jacksonville, Florida, showing distinctive bald black head, white body, and large bill
Field Guide

Wood Stork Field Guide — Mycteria americana in Florida

The only stork nesting in North America: field guide to the wood stork in Florida — identification, tactile bill-snap feeding, Corkscrew Swamp nesting colony, and its remarkable recovery from endangered status.

A large green iguana basking, showing its dewlap, spiny crest, and banded tail
Field Guide

Green Iguana Field Guide — Iguana iguana in Florida

Field guide to the invasive green iguana in South Florida — how to identify it, where it lives, the 'raining iguanas' cold-snap phenomenon, why it's a problem, and the rules on removing it.

Florida Key Deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) standing in natural habitat at Key Deer National Refuge, Big Pine Key, Florida
Field Guide

Florida Key Deer Field Guide — Odocoileus virginianus clavium

The world's smallest white-tailed deer subspecies stands waist-high, swims between islands, and lives only in the Lower Florida Keys — fewer than 800 individuals cling to a sliver of pine rockland and mangrove.

A female broodstock Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) fish, approximately 8 kg, photographed prior to transport to holding tanks
Field Guide

Cobia Field Guide — Rachycentron canadum in Florida Waters

Field guide to cobia in Florida — identification, range, seasonal migration, sight-fishing behavior, best locations, and conservation status of one of the state's most thrilling offshore and nearshore targets.

Piping plover (Charadrius melodus) adult standing on pale sandy beach, showing pale gray-brown back, white underparts, orange-based black-tipped bill, and partial breast band
Field Guide

Piping Plover Field Guide — Charadrius melodus in Florida

A US-threatened ghost of the shoreline, the piping plover spends its winters on Florida's Gulf Coast beaches — here's how to find it, identify it, and understand why every bird counts.

American flamingos Phoenicopterus ruber in their natural habitat in Cuba showing vivid pink plumage
Field Guide

American Flamingo Field Guide — Phoenicopterus ruber in Florida

Field guide to the American flamingo in Florida — from Victorian-era extirpation to remarkable 21st-century recolonization. Identification, biology, best viewing sites in south Florida, and the evidence that wild flamingos are returning.

A red lionfish with bold red-and-white stripes and fan-like venomous spines, on a reef
Field Guide

Red Lionfish Field Guide — Pterois volitans in Florida

Beautiful, venomous, and one of the most damaging marine invasions ever recorded. Complete field guide to the red lionfish in Florida — ID, range, reef ecology, venom first aid, and why killing this fish is the conservation-positive choice.

Bald cypress trees (Taxodium distichum) standing at the edge of a lake or wetland, surrounded by aquatic plants, photographed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Field Guide

Bald Cypress Field Guide — Taxodium distichum in Florida

Florida's ancient swamp sentinels — bald cypress trees live 600+ years, grow to 100 feet, and sprout mysterious knees from flooded roots. Field guide to identifying and finding Taxodium distichum across north Florida.

Spotted eagle ray Aetobatus narinari showing distinctive white-spotted dark dorsal surface and wing-like pectoral fins
Field Guide

Spotted Eagle Ray Field Guide — Aetobatus narinari in Florida

Field guide to the spotted eagle ray in Florida — identification, biology, best viewing locations in the Keys and Gulf coast, and the conservation status of this Near Threatened elasmobranch.

American crocodile resting on a Pacific coast beach at La Manzanilla, Jalisco, Mexico
Field Guide

American Crocodile Field Guide — Crocodylus acutus in Florida

Complete field guide to the American crocodile in Florida — how to identify it, where the US population lives, behavioral ecology, and conservation recovery of this Vulnerable reptile in the Florida Keys and Everglades.

Bonefish (Albula vulpes) showing the species' characteristic silvery, mirror-like scales and streamlined body
Field Guide

Bonefish Field Guide — Albula vulpes in Florida's Keys and Biscayne Bay

Ghost of the flats: Albula vulpes, Florida's fastest shallow-water game fish, haunts the grass flats of the Keys and Biscayne Bay — silvery, wary, and IUCN Vulnerable.

Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus floridanus) photographed in Polk County, Florida, showing the species' characteristic large mouth and lateral stripe
Field Guide

Florida Largemouth Bass Field Guide — Micropterus salmoides floridanus

Florida's official freshwater fish and endemic subspecies — genetically distinct, grows larger than the northern largemouth, and holds world-record potential in lakes Tohopekaliga and Okeechobee.

Florida spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) held out of water, showing its heavily armored reddish-brown carapace covered in forward-pointing spines, long antennae, and absence of claws
Field Guide

Florida Spiny Lobster Field Guide — Panulirus argus in the Keys

Field guide to Florida spiny lobster — ID, biology, mini-season logistics, and the best reef sites in the Keys for finding Panulirus argus.

Florida sandhill crane (Antigone canadensis pratensis) adult standing upright, showing grey plumage and red forehead cap, photographed in DeBary, Florida
Field Guide

Florida Sandhill Crane Field Guide — Antigone canadensis pratensis

Field guide to Florida's non-migratory sandhill crane — identification, bugling calls, suburban behavior, and where to find central Florida's most visible large bird in wetlands, pastures, and neighborhood lawns.

A great barracuda, a long silver torpedo-shaped reef predator, photographed underwater
Field Guide

Great Barracuda Field Guide — Sphyraena barracuda in Florida

The Florida Keys' resident reef torpedo — a curious, fang-mouthed silver predator that follows divers around out of nosiness, not menace. Complete field guide to the great barracuda: ID, range, ambush behavior, the truth about its danger to humans, and why most are released (hint: ciguatera, not the fight).

Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nesting on sandy beach at Blackbeard Island, Georgia, displaying the species' characteristically large, blunt head
Field Guide

Loggerhead Sea Turtle Field Guide — Caretta caretta in Florida

Florida hosts the western hemisphere's largest loggerhead nesting aggregation — 70,000+ nests per season on Atlantic beaches. Field guide to identifying, finding, and understanding Caretta caretta.

Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) adult male perched on a branch, showing the species' distinctive dark plumage and strongly hooked bill, Florida
Field Guide

Snail Kite Field Guide — Rostrhamus sociabilis in Florida

US federally endangered, Florida's snail kite hunts a single prey — apple snails — with a bill shaped by millions of years of co-evolution. Field guide to identification, habitat, and the wetlands it cannot live without.

Eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) adult coiled, displaying characteristic bold diamond-pattern scales, photographed in North-Central Florida
Field Guide

Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake Field Guide — Crotalus adamanteus

Field guide to the Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake — the world's largest rattlesnake, up to 8 ft and 10 lbs, found in Florida's longleaf pine and scrub habitats. Identification, ecology, venom biology, and conservation of this IUCN Vulnerable giant.

Permit (Trachinotus falcatus) adult showing deep silver body and forked tail, photographed at Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida
Field Guide

Permit Field Guide — Trachinotus falcatus in Florida

Field guide to the permit in Florida — identification, habitat, feeding ecology, and the best locations in the Florida Keys and Marquesas to find Trachinotus falcatus on the flats.

A silvery, deep-bodied Florida pompano specimen with a forked tail
Field Guide

Florida Pompano Field Guide — Trachinotus carolinus in Florida

Complete field guide to the Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) — ID marks, range, surf behavior, where to catch it, and conservation status of Florida's most prized surf fish.

Roseate spoonbill in shallow water showing vivid pink plumage and distinctive spatulate bill
Field Guide

Roseate Spoonbill Field Guide — Platalea ajaja in Florida

Field guide to the roseate spoonbill in Florida — identification, foraging behavior, colony nesting sites, and the remarkable recovery story of this visually striking wading bird from plume hunting near-extinction.

Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus), the Silver King, showing its full silver body profile, large reflective scales, and characteristic upturned lower jaw
Field Guide

Tarpon Field Guide — Megalops atlanticus in Florida

Field guide to the Atlantic tarpon in Florida — identification, biology, range, the air-breathing swim bladder, best flats and keys locations, and conservation status of the Silver King.

Close-up photograph of a Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) head and neck, showing distinctive blue-gray plumage and yellow eye
Field Guide

Great Blue Heron Field Guide — Florida's Tallest Wading Bird

Complete field guide to the Great Blue Heron in Florida — identification, feeding behavior, nesting colonies, and where to find North America's largest heron at its most accessible.

Spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) adult specimen showing silvery body with distinctive black spots along the upper flanks, caught in Pine Island Sound, Florida
Field Guide

Spotted Seatrout Field Guide — Cynoscion nebulosus in Florida

Field guide to the spotted seatrout in Florida — identification, biology, range, behavior, best fishing locations, and conservation of Florida's most harvested inshore gamefish.

A sheepshead held by an angler, showing its deep silvery body with bold black vertical bars
Field Guide

Sheepshead Field Guide — Archosargus probatocephalus in Florida

Complete field guide to the sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) in Florida — the convict-striped, human-toothed shellfish crusher that keeps inshore anglers busy when winter slows everything else down.

Limpkin (Aramus guarauna) standing in its natural habitat, showing its brown-speckled plumage and long curved bill
Field Guide

Limpkin Field Guide — Florida's Wailing Apple Snail Specialist

Field guide to the limpkin in Florida — identification, foraging on apple snails, wailing call recognition, and where to find this secretive wading bird in Central Florida's freshwater marshes and spring-fed rivers.